The state in the Transcaucasian region and in the west Asia. The northern border with Russia, in the north-west - with Georgia, in the south - with Iran in the west - with Armenia. To the east is washed by the waters of the Caspian Sea. Azerbaijan also belongs to the Nakhichevan region, separated from the territory of the Republic of Armenia. The country covers an area of about 86600 km2. About half of the territory is occupied by mountains: to the north - the Great Caucasus mountain range, in the southwest - the Lesser Caucasus mountain range. The highest peak of the mountain country Bazarduzu on the Main or Vodorazdelnom Ridge (elevation 4466 m). In the middle of the country is Kuro-Araks lowlands in the south-east - Lenkoranskaya depression.
Population (estimate for 1998) is about 7855600 people. Although Azerbaijan - a multi-ethnic country, but the number of Azerbaijanis has increased in recent years because of the influx of refugees from neighboring Armenia as a result of the Azerbaijani-Armenian conflict. Many members of other ethnic groups (Armenian, Russian) have left Azerbaijan as a reason for this conflict, and because of the insecurity in the country as a whole. Ethnic groups in the country are as follows: the Azerbaijanis - 90%, dagestantsy - 3,2%, Russian-2.5%, the Armenians, 2.3%, Lezgins, Kurds, Tatars, Georgians, Ukrainians and Avars. Language: Azeri (official), Russian, Turkish. Religion: mainly Shiite Muslims - 93,4%, the various forms of Orthodoxy ispoveduyutsya Georgian, Russian and Armenian minorities. The capital - Baku. Largest cities: Baku (1853000), the Ganja (formerly Kirovabad) (278,000 people), Sumgait (235,000 people). Of government - a republic. The head of state - President Heydar Aliyev (in office from 3 October 1993). Head of government - Prime Minister A. Rasizade. Currency - the manat. Average life expectancy (in 1998): 67 years - male, 75 years old - were women. The birth rate (per 1000) - 22.2. The mortality rate (per 1000) - 9.4.
The territory of Azerbaijan in the current HOUCHES century BC was settled modes, and later became part of the Persian empire. At the end of VII century AD the country was conquered by the Arabs who brought Islam here. In the XI and XII centuries the territory controlled Turkic tribes in the XVII century, Azerbaijan has once again become a part of Persia. Under the 1813 treaty and the 1828’s, he went to Russia. In 1918, Azerbaijan became an independent state. In 1920 the country was proclaimed a Soviet Socialist Republic and in 1922, along with Georgia and Armenia was included in the Transcaucasian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic (ZSFSR). In 1936, after the collapse of the ZSFSR joined the USSR as a federal republic. 30 August 1991, Azerbaijan declared independence. The country is a member of the UN.
The climate of the country varies in different regions: from the subtropical lowlands in Lenkoranskoy to dry in the mountains. In sub-alpine zone of growing forests, which found the bear, deer, lynx, wild boar. In arid zones the large number of lizards, poisonous snakes and other reptiles. In Azerbaijan, the three reserve: Zakatalsky where there are virgin forests and mountain meadows, from the remarkable fauna Dagestani round, stone and wood marten; Turianchaysky and most famous Kyzylagach, where winter waterfowl.
In Baku, except for museums interested in the old city IX century, in which the fortress Icheri-sheher and minaret, built in 1078, Khan’s palace of XVII century in which the museum, the Maiden Tower.







